Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-supporting technique that provides prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure. It involves removing blood from the body, oxygenating it outside the body, and then returning it to the patient's circulation. ECMO is typically used in critically ill patients who are unable to maintain adequate oxygenation and/or circulation despite traditional medical interventions. The technique allows the heart and lungs to rest and recover while providing vital support to the patient's organs. ECMO is considered a last-resort option for patients who are not responding to conventional therapies.